There are modern and traditional approaches to hatha yoga. It is however, considered one of the foundational forms of yoga and many other styles have evolved from it.
WHAT IS HATHA YOGA?
In Sansrkit, the word "ha" means sun and "tha" means moon. "Ha" represents the solar, masculine, active energy of the sun and "Tha" represents the lunar, feminine, receptive energy of the moon. Hatha yoga serves to balance these two opposing energies. It aims to purify the body, cultivate physical strength and flexibility, increase mental clarity and prepare the practitioner for deeper states of meditation.
Hatha yoga includes a wide range of practices including:
physical postures (asana)
breathing exercises (pranayama)
hand gestures (mudras)
chanting (mantra)
energy locks (bandhas) and
cleansing techniques (kriyas)
Physical Postures (Asana) in Hatha Yoga
.These postures are designed to align the muscles and bones, stretch, strengthen and balance the body by opening the many energy channels of the body, allowing energy (prana) to flow freely.
Through the practice of asanas, practitioners aim to improve physical health, release tension, and create a sense of harmony between mind and body.
Breathwork (Pranayama) in Hatha Yoga
Breathwork is a fundamental aspect of Hatha yoga. Practicing various breathing techniques helps to regulate the flow of 'prana' (life force energy) in the body, to improve vitality, focus and relaxation.
Mudras in Hatha Yoga
Mudras are symbolic or ritual gestures or poses often done with the hands. These gestures are believed to direct energy flow and enhance the practitioner's experience during meditation and asana practice.
Chanting (Mantra) in Hatha Yoga
Mantras, or sacred sounds, are often used in Hatha yoga to focus the mind and create a meditative state. Chanting can also be a form of devotion or a way to connect with the divine.
Cleansing Techniques (Shatkriyas/Shatkarmas) in Hatha Yoga
Hatha yoga includes various cleansing practices known as shatkriyas or shatkarmas. These techniques aim to purify the body and mind, and they can include practices such as neti (nasal cleansing), dhauti (internal cleansing) and kapalabhati (breath cleansing).
Meditation and Relaxation in Hatha Yoga
Hatha yoga classes typically include some form of meditation or relaxation practice. This may involve guided meditation, visualisation, or simply resting in savasana (corpse pose) at the end of the practice to integrate the benefits of the session.
Slow and Static Holds in Hatha Yoga
While Hatha yoga is generally practiced more slowly with longer, static holds compared to faster-paced styles like Vinyasa or Ashtanga, it still offers challenges. Holding poses for extended periods can build strength, endurance, and mental focus.
WHAT ARE THE DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN MODERN AND TRADITIONAL FORMS OF HATHA YOGA?
Whilst both modern and traditional forms share the same core principles and postures there are also some differences between the two. In modern times, Hatha Yoga is often associated with yoga classes that focus on the physical postures and breathing techniques. However, traditional Hatha Yoga encompasses a broader range of practices beyond the physical, emphasising the holistic development of the practitioner.
Modern Hatha Yoga:
1. Innovation in Sequencing:
- Incorporates innovative sequencing of poses.
- Mixes traditional asanas with new variations.
2. Integration of Other Styles:
- Often integrates elements from other styles (like Vinyasa flow or Iyengar).
- Creates hybrid practices.
3. Emphasis on Fitness:
- Focuses on physical fitness, strength, and flexibility.
- Can have a more intense workout-oriented approach.
4. Accessible to All Levels:
- Emphasis on making yoga accessible to all fitness levels and body types.
- Modifications and props are commonly used.
5. Use of Technology:
- Utilises technology for teaching (online classes, apps, social media).
6. Integration of Western Science:
- Incorporates modern anatomical knowledge and biomechanics.
- Refines alignment cues and aims to prevent injuries.
Traditional Hatha Yoga:
1. Rooted in Ancient Texts:
- Follows teachings and practices outlined in ancient texts like Hatha Yoga Pradipika.
2. Focus on Breath and Meditation:
- Strong emphasis on pranayama (breath control) and dhyana (meditation).
3. Spiritual Aspect:
- Significant emphasis on spiritual aspects (chakras, nadis, self-realization).
- Goes beyond physical practice into spiritual growth.
4. Sadhana (Practice):
- Engages in regular, disciplined practice beyond just asana.
- Includes meditation, mantra chanting, and spiritual practices.
5. Guru-Disciple Tradition:
- Students often have a direct relationship with a guru or teacher.
- Guides through practice and spiritual development.
6. Sanskrit Chants and Mantras:
- More frequent use of Sanskrit chants, mantras, and ancient text references.
How to Choose Your Yoga
Fitness Goals:
Modern Hatha for fitness-focused practice with varied sequences.
Spiritual Growth:
Traditional Hatha for deeper spiritual and meditative aspects.
Experience Level:
Beginners may find modern Hatha more accessible.
Personal Preference:
- Traditional Hatha for structure and spiritual depth.
- Modern Hatha for creativity and innovation.
Both styles have their benefits, and the choice ultimately depends on individual preferences, goals, and what resonates on your yoga journey. Remember you can incorporate many elements into your yoga practice, enjoy the ride!